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Archive for the ‘antiviral combinations’ Category

Trizivir

Posted by admin on November 2nd, 2009

Trizivir

Generic Name: abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (a BACK a veer, la MIV yoo deen, zye DOE vyoo deen)

What is Trizivir?

Trizivir is an antiviral medication. It is in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicines called reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This medication helps keep the HIV virus from reproducing in the body.

Trizivir is used to treat HIV, which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.

Trizivir may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. Trizivir should not be given to people who weigh less than 90 pounds.

Important information about Trizivir

Stop using Trizivir and call your doctor at once if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: fever; rash; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain; general tiredness, body aches; shortness of breath, cough, sore throat. Once you have had an allergic reaction to Trizivir, you must never use it again. Do not allow this medicine to run out completely before you get your prescription refilled. If you miss several doses, you could have a dangerous or even fatal allergic reaction when you start taking the medicine again. If you stop taking Trizivir for any reason, talk to your doctor before you start taking the medication again.

Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking this medicine. Early signs of lactic acidosis generally get worse over time and this condition can be fatal. Get emergency medical help if you have even mild symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as: muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, slow or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired.

Before taking Trizivir

You should not take Trizivir if you have liver disease. Do not take this medicine if you have ever had an allergic reaction to abacavir, lamivudine or zidovudine. Tell your doctor if you have had an allergic reaction to any medicine that contains abacavir, such as Epzicom or Ziagen. Once you have had an allergic reaction to abacavir, you must never use it again.

You may need a blood test before you start taking Trizivir for the first time, or if you are restarting the medication after stopping for reasons not related to an allergic reaction.

Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking this medicine. You may be more likely to develop lactic acidosis if you are overweight or have liver disease, or if you have taken certain HIV or AIDS medications for a long time. Talk with your doctor about your individual risk.

If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely use Trizivir:

kidney disease;

hepatitis B;

high blood pressure or heart disease, or a risk factor for heart disease such as smoking, diabetes, or high cholesterol.

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether Trizivir is harmful to an unborn baby. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are pregnant. HIV can be passed to the baby if the mother is not properly treated during pregnancy. Take all of your HIV medicines as directed to control your infection while you are pregnant. You should not breast-feed while you are using Trizivir. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast-feed at all. Even if your baby is born without HIV, you may still pass the virus to the baby in your breast milk. Trizivir should not be used to treat HIV in adolescents weighing less than 90 pounds.

How should I take Trizivir?

Take Trizivir exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the instructions on your prescription label.

You may take Trizivir with or without food.

HIV/AIDS is usually treated with a combination of different drugs. To best treat your condition, use all of your medications as directed by your doctor. Be sure to read the medication guide or patient instructions provided with each of your medications. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without advice from your doctor. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.

Trizivir comes with a Medication Guide and Warning Card that lists the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Read this information carefully and carry the Warning Card with you at all times so you will know what symptoms to watch for.

If you have hepatitis B you may develop liver symptoms after you stop taking Trizivir, even months after stopping. Your doctor may want to check your liver function at regular visits for several months after you stop taking Trizivir. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.

Store Trizivir at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

Do not allow this medicine to run out completely before you get your prescription refilled. It is important that you not stop taking the medicine once you have started. If you miss several doses, you may have a dangerous or even fatal allergic reaction once you start taking the medicine again. If you stop taking Trizivir for any reason, talk to your doctor before you start taking the medication again.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, and confusion.

What should I avoid while taking Trizivir?

Avoid taking Trizivir with other medications that contain abacavir, lamivudine, or zidovudine, such as Combivir, Epivir, Epzicom, Trizivir, or Ziagen. Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes. Taking Trizivir will not prevent you from passing HIV to other people. Talk with your doctor about safe methods of preventing HIV transmission during sex. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.

Trizivir side effects

Stop using Trizivir and call your doctor at once if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to abacavir, lamivudine or zidovudine:

Group 1 – fever;

Group 2 – rash;

Group 3 – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain;

Group 4 – general tiredness, body aches;

Group 5 – shortness of breath, cough, sore throat.

Once you have had an allergic reaction to abacavir, you must never use it again. If you stop taking Trizivir for any reason, talk to your doctor before you start taking the medication again.

You may have other serious side effects that may not be signs of an allergic reaction. Continue using this medicine and call your doctor if you have any of these side effects:

liver problems — stomach pain, low fever, lost appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);

lactic acidosis – muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, slow or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired;

fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, pale skin; or

white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your lips.

Less serious Trizivir side effects may include:

changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and trunk);

sleep problems or strange dreams;

headache, depression, anxiety; or

mild diarrhea.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Trizivir?

Before taking Trizivir, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:

methadone (Methadose, Dolophine);

ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetron, Virazole);

interferon (Rebetron, Roferon, Intron, Alferon, Infergen, Avonex, Rebif, Betaseron, Actimune);

sulfa drugs such as Bactrim or Septra;

doxorubicin (Adriamycin);

ganciclovir (Cytovene); or

these other HIV medicines – emtricitabine (Emtriva, Truvada), zalcitabine (Hivid), stavudine (Zerit), or zidovudine (Retrovir).

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with Trizivir. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

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Rebetron

Posted by admin on November 2nd, 2009

Rebetron

Generic Name: interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin (in ter FEAR on AL fa 2b and RYE ba VYE rin)

What is Rebetron (interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin)?

Interferon alfa-2b is made from human proteins that help the body fight viral infections.

Ribavirin is an antiviral medication.

Interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin are packaged together as a capsule and injection kit to treat chronic hepatitis C. These medications must be used together.

Interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Rebetron (interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin)?

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) or ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol), or if you have autoimmune hepatitis, severe liver or kidney disease, or a hemoglobin blood cell disorder such as sickle-cell anemia or thalassemia. Ribavirin is known to cause birth defects or death in an unborn baby. Do not use interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin if you are pregnant, or if you are a man and your female sexual partner is pregnant.

Use at least 2 effective forms of birth control while either sexual partner is using interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin. Keep using 2 forms of birth control for at least 6 months after treatment ends. Tell your doctor right away if a pregnancy occurs while either the mother or the father is using interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin.

Before using interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions, especially kidney disease, liver problems other than hepatitis, heart disease or high blood pressure, a thyroid disorder, eye problems, HIV or AIDS, a blood cell disorder, an autoimmune disorder such as lupus or psoriasis, or a history of heart attack, stroke, organ transplant, depression, mental illness, drug or alcohol addiction, or suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

Also tell your doctor if you have ever used an interferon to treat hepatitis in the past and it did not work.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using Rebetron (interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin)?

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) or ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol), or if you have:

autoimmune hepatitis;

a hemoglobin blood cell disorder such as sickle-cell anemia or thalassemia;

if you are pregnant or breast-feeding; or

if you are a man and your female sexual partner is pregnant.

If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely use interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin:

lung disease;

a thyroid disorder;

uncontrolled diabetes;

new or worsening problems with your eyes;

cancer;

HIV or AIDS;

high cholesterol or triglycerides;

heart disease or high blood pressure;

history of organ transplant;

history of heart attack, or stroke;

any blood cell disorder causing bleeding episodes, infections, or fever-related illness;

an autoimmune disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or psoriasis;

a history of drug or alcohol addiction, depression, anxiety, or suicidal thoughts or behaviors; or

if you have ever used an interferon to treat hepatitis in the past and it did not work.

If you are a woman, do not use interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin if you are pregnant.

If you are a man, do not use interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin if your female sexual partner is pregnant. An unborn baby could also be harmed if a man fathers the child while he is taking ribavirin.

Use at least 2 effective forms of birth control while either sexual partner is using interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin. Keep using 2 forms of birth control for at least 6 months after treatment ends.

Tell your doctor right away if a pregnancy occurs while either the mother or the father is using interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin.

The powder form of interferon alfa-2b contains albumin, but the solution (liquid) form does not. Albumin comes from human plasma (part of the blood) and may contain viruses and other infectious agents that can cause disease. Although donated human plasma is screened, tested, and treated to reduce the risk of it containing anything that could cause disease, there is still a small possibility it could transmit disease. Talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of using this medication.

How should I use Rebetron (interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin)?

Interferon alfa-2b is given as an injection under the skin. Your doctor, nurse, or other healthcare provider will give you this injection. You may be shown how to inject your medicine at home. Do not self-inject this medicine if you do not fully understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of used needles and syringes.

Do not draw your interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin dose into a syringe until you are ready to give yourself an injection. Do not use the medication if it has changed colors or has any particles in it. Call your doctor for a new prescription.

Use a different place on your arm, stomach, or thigh each time you give yourself an injection. Your care provider will show you the places on your body where you can safely inject the medication. Do not inject into the same place two times in a row.

Use each disposable needle only one time. Throw away used needles in a puncture-proof container (ask your pharmacist where you can get one and how to dispose of it). Keep this container out of the reach of children and pets.

The interferon alfa-2b injection is usually given 3 times per week. The ribavirin capsule is usually taken twice daily. You may take the capsules with or without food but take them the same way each time. Follow your doctor’s instructions. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from this medication.

Your ribavirin dose needs may change if you gain weight. Tell your doctor if your weight increases to 165 pounds or above.

To be sure this medication is helping your condition and not causing harmful effects, your blood may need to be tested on a regular basis. You may also need regular eye exams. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.

Store both the ribavirin capsules and the interferon alfa-2b vials (bottles) or injection pens in the refrigerator. Do not allow the medicine to freeze.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Use the medicine as soon as you remember the missed dose, then go back to your regular schedule on the day your next dose is due. If you are more than 2 days late in using your injection, call your doctor for instructions. Do not use extra medicine to make up a missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Symptoms of an interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin overdose are not known.

What should I avoid while using Rebetron (interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin)?

Avoid drinking alcohol while using interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin. Alcohol may increase your risk of liver damage.

Treatment with this medication does not prevent spread of the hepatitis virus to other people. Follow your doctor’s instructions about how to prevent passing the disease to another person.

Rebetron (interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, confusion or weakness;

fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness;

confusion, severe depression or anxiety, aggression, thoughts of hurting yourself or others;

vision problems;

high fever with severe stomach pain and bloody diarrhea.

cough, stabbing chest pain, feeling short of breath, uneven heartbeats;

severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, nausea and vomiting, fast heart rate; or

worsening psoriasis or other autoimmune disorder.

Less serious side effects may include:

dizziness, tired feeling, headache, joint or muscle pain;

thinning hair;

mild nausea, loss of appetite, weight loss;

sleep problems (insomnia);

feeling mildly anxious, depressed, or irritable; or

pain, redness, swelling, or irritation where the medicine was injected.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Rebetron (interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin)?

Tell your doctor about all other medications you use, especially HIV or AIDS medications such as :

abacavir (Ziagen);

didanosine (Videx);

efavirenz (Sustiva, Atripla);

emtricitabine (Emtriva);

etravine (Intelence);

lamivudine (Epivir, Epzicom, Combivir, Trizivir);

stavudine (Zerit);

tenofovir (Truvada, Viread); or

zidovudine (Retrovir).

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Epzicom

Posted by admin on November 2nd, 2009

Epzicom

Generic Name: abacavir and lamivudine (a BAK a veer and la MIV yoo deen)

What is Epzicom?

Epzicom is an antiviral medication. It is in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicines called reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Epzicom helps keep the HIV virus from reproducing in the body.

Epzicom is used to treat HIV, which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This medicine is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.

Epzicom may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Important information Epzicom

Stop using Epzicom and call your doctor at once if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: fever; rash; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain; general tiredness, body aches; shortness of breath, cough, sore throat. Once you have had an allergic reaction to abacavir and lamivudine, you must never use it again.

Before taking Epzicom, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, or a risk factor for heart disease such as smoking, diabetes, or high cholesterol.

You may need a blood test before you start taking Epzicom for the first time, or if you are restarting the medication after stopping for reasons not related to an allergic reaction.

Read the Warning Card that comes with Epzicom, and carry it with you at all times so you will know the symptoms of allergic reaction to watch for.

Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking Epzicom. Early signs of lactic acidosis generally get worse over time and this condition can be fatal. Get emergency medical help if you have even mild symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as: muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, slow or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired.

Do not allow this medicine to run out completely before you get your prescription refilled. If you miss several doses, you could have a dangerous or even fatal allergic reaction when you start taking the medicine again. If you stop taking Epzicom for any reason, talk to your doctor before you start taking the medication again.

Before taking Epzicom

You should not take Epzicom if you have liver disease. Do not take this medicine if you have ever had an allergic reaction to abacavir or lamivudine. Tell your doctor if you have had an allergic reaction to any medicine that contains abacavir or lamivudine, such as Trizivir, or Ziagen. Once you have had an allergic reaction to abacavir and lamivudine, you must never use it again.

You may need a blood test before you start taking Epzicom for the first time, or if you are restarting the medication after stopping for reasons not related to an allergic reaction.

Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking Epzicom. You may be more likely to develop lactic acidosis if you are overweight or have liver disease, or if you have taken certain HIV or AIDS medications for a long time. Talk with your doctor about your individual risk.

If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely use Epzicom:

kidney disease;

heart disease or high blood pressure; or

a risk factor for heart disease such as smoking, diabetes, or high cholesterol.

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether Epzicom is harmful to an unborn baby. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are pregnant. HIV can be passed to the baby if the mother is not properly treated during pregnancy. Take all of your HIV medicines as directed to control your infection while you are pregnant. You should not breast-feed while you are using Epzicom. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast-feed at all. Even if your baby is born without HIV, you may still pass the virus to the baby in your breast milk.

Epzicom should not be given to children under 18 years old.

How should I take Epzicom?

Take Epzicom exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the instructions on your prescription label.

You may take Epzicom with or without food.

This medicine comes with a Medication Guide and a Warning Card that lists the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Read this information carefully and carry the Warning Card with you at all times so you will know what symptoms to watch for.

HIV/AIDS is usually treated with a combination of different drugs. To best treat your condition, use all of your medications as directed by your doctor. Be sure to read the medication guide or patient instructions provided with each of your medications. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without advice from your doctor. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.

If you have hepatitis B you may develop liver symptoms after you stop taking this medication, even months after stopping. Your doctor may want to check your liver function at regular visits for several months after you stop using Epzicom. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.

Store Epzicom at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

Do not allow this medicine to run out completely before you get your prescription refilled. It is important that you not stop taking the medicine once you have started. If you miss several doses, you may have a dangerous or even fatal allergic reaction once you start taking Epzicom again. If you stop taking Epzicom for any reason, talk to your doctor before you start taking the medication again.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Symptoms of an Epzicom overdose are not known.

What should I avoid while taking Epzicom?

Avoid taking other medications that contain abacavir or lamivudine, such as Combivir, Epivir, Trizivir, or Ziagen. Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes. Taking this medication will not prevent you from passing HIV to other people. Talk with your doctor about safe methods of preventing HIV transmission during sex. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.

Epzicom side effects

Stop using Epzicom and call your doctor at once if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to abacavir or lamivudine:

Group 1 – fever;

Group 2 – rash;

Group 3 – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain;

Group 4 – general tiredness, body aches;

Group 5 – shortness of breath, cough, sore throat.

Once you have had an allergic reaction to abacavir or lamivudine, you must never use it again. If you stop taking Epzicom for any reason, talk to your doctor before you start taking the medication again. Other serious side effects that may not be signs of an allergic reaction include:

stomach pain, low fever, lost appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);

lactic acidosis – muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, slow or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired;

fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms; or

white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your lips.

Less serious Epzicom side effects include:

changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and trunk);

sleep problems or strange dreams;

headache, depression, anxiety; or

mild diarrhea.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Epzicom?

Before taking Epzicom, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:

methadone (Methadose, Dolophine);

ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetron, Virazole);

interferon (Rebetron, Roferon, Intron, Alferon, Infergen, Avonex, Rebif, Betaseron, Actimune); or

other medications that contain abacavir or lamivudine (Combivir, Epivir, Trizivir, Ziagen).

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with Epzicom. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

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Combivir

Posted by admin on November 2nd, 2009

Combivir

Generic Name: lamivudine and zidovudine (la MIV ue deen and zye DOE vue deen)

What is Combivir?

Combivir contains a combination of lamivudine and zidovudine. Lamivudine and zidovudine are antiviral medications. They are in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicines called reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This medication helps keep the HIV virus from reproducing in the body.

Combivir is used to treat HIV, which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This medication is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.

Combivir may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Important information about Combivir

Combivir should not be taken together with any other medications that contain either of these two drugs. This includes Epivir, Retrovir, Epzicom (abacavir and lamivudine), and Trizivir (abacavir, lamivudine, zidovudine). Before taking Combivir, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver disease, a pancreas disorder, bone marrow suppression, or problems with your muscles.

Combivir can lower the blood cells in your body that help you fight infections. This can make it easier for you to bleed from an injury or get sick from being around others who are ill. To be sure your blood cells do not get too low, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. It is important that you not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.

If you have hepatitis B you may develop liver symptoms after you stop taking Combivir, even months after stopping. Your doctor may want to check your liver function on a regular basis for several months after you stop using Combivir. Do not miss any scheduled visits.

Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking Combivir. Early signs of lactic acidosis generally get worse over time and this condition can be fatal. Get emergency medical help if you have even mild symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as: muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, slow or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired.

Before taking Combivir

Do not use Combivir if you are allergic to lamivudine or zidovudine. Combivir should not be taken together with any other medications that contain either of the two drugs. This includes Epivir, Retrovir, Epzicom (abacavir and lamivudine), and Trizivir (abacavir, lamivudine, zidovudine).

If you have certain conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take this medication. Before taking Combivir, tell your doctor if you have:

pancreatitis;

bone marrow suppression; or

problems with your muscles.

Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking Combivir. You may be more likely to develop lactic acidosis if you are overweight or have liver disease, if you are a woman, or if you have taken certain HIV or AIDS medications for a long time. Talk with your doctor about your individual risk.

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether this medication is harmful to an unborn baby. Before taking Combivir, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. HIV can be passed to the baby if the mother is not properly treated during pregnancy. Take all of your HIV medicines as directed to control your infection while you are pregnant.

Your name may need to be listed on an antiviral pregnancy registry when you start using Combivir.

You should not breast-feed while you are using Combivir. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast-feed at all. Even if your baby is born without HIV, you may still pass the virus to the baby in your breast milk. Do not give this medication to a child who weighs less than 66 pounds.

How should I take Combivir?

Take Combivir exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Combivir can be taken with or without food.

HIV/AIDS is usually treated with a combination of different drugs. To best treat your condition, use all of your medications as directed by your doctor. Be sure to read the medication guide or patient instructions provided with each of your medications. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without advice from your doctor. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.

Combivir can lower the blood cells in your body that help you fight infections. This can make it easier for you to bleed from an injury or get sick from being around others who are ill. To be sure your blood cells do not get too low, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis.

If you have hepatitis B you may develop liver symptoms after you stop taking this medication, even months after stopping. Your doctor may want to check your liver function at regular visits for several months after you stop using Combivir. Do not miss any scheduled visits.

Store Combivir at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.

Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and seizure (convulsions).

What should I avoid while taking Combivir?

Combivir should not be taken together with any other medications that contain either of these two drugs. This includes Epivir, Retrovir, Epzicom (abacavir and lamivudine), and Trizivir (abacavir, lamivudine, zidovudine).

Avoid contact with people who have colds, the flu, or other contagious illnesses. Contact your doctor immediately if you develop signs of infection.

Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes. Taking this medication will not prevent you from passing HIV to other people. Talk with your doctor about safe methods of preventing HIV transmission during sex. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.

Combivir side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to Combivir: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. This medication may cause lactic acidosis (a build-up of lactic acid in the body, which can be fatal). Lactic acidosis can start slowly and get worse over time. Get emergency medical help if you have even mild symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as:

muscle pain or weakness;

numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs;

trouble breathing;

feeling dizzy, light-headed, tired, or very weak;

stomach pain, nausea with vomiting; or

slow or uneven heart rate.

fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms;

pale skin, easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness;

trouble swallowing, trouble standing up or climbing stairs;

liver problems (stomach pain, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes));

pancreatitis (severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, nausea and vomiting, fast heart rate); or

white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your lips.

Less serious Combivir side effects may include:

changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and trunk);

mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;

numbness or tingling;

sleep problems (insomnia);

headache, dizziness, tired feeling; or

cough, runny or stuffy nose.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Combivir?

Tell your doctor about all other medications you use, especially:

cancer treatments;

stavudine (Zerit);

doxorubicin (Adriamycin);

zalcitabine (Hivid);

ganciclovir (Cytovene);

interferon-alfa (Roferon, Intron, Rebetron);

sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim, Proloprim, Septra, Trimpex, SMX-TMP); or

ribavirin (Rebetol, Ribasphere, Copegus Virazole).

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with Combivir. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

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Atripla

Posted by admin on November 2nd, 2009

Atripla

Generic Name: efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir (ef AV ir enz, em trye SYE ta been, and ten OF oh vir)

What is Atripla?

Atripla (efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir) is an antiviral medication that prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from reproducing in your body. It contains a combination of 3 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. It works by slowing the growth of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

Atripla treats HIV, which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Atripla is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.

Atripla may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Atripla?

Do not use Atripla while you are pregnant. It could harm the unborn baby. Use effective birth control while you are using this medication, and for at least 12 weeks after your treatment ends. Tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment. Do not take Atripla if you are also taking cisapride (Propulsid), midazolam (Versed), triazolam (Halcion), St. John’s wort, voriconazole (Vfend), or an ergot medicine such as dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal), ergonovine (Ergotrate), ergotamine (Ergomar), or methylergonovine (Methergine). Do not take Atripla with other medicines that also contain efavirenz, emtricitabine, tenofovir (Sustiva, Emtriva, Truvada, or Viread), or lamivudine (Combivir, Epivir, Epzicom, or Trizivir).

There are many other medicines that can cause interactions or serious medical problems if you take them together with Atripla. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking Atripla. Get emergency medical help if you have even mild symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as: muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, fast or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired.

Atripla can cause severe or fatal liver problems. Call your doctor at once if you have symptoms such as nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Atripla?

Do not use Atripla if you are taking any of the following drugs:

cisapride (Propulsid);

midazolam (Versed) or triazolam (Halcion);

St. John’s wort;

voriconazole (Vfend);

an ergot medicine such as dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal), ergonovine (Ergotrate), ergotamine (Ergomar), or methylergonovine (Methergine); or

lamivudine (Combivir, Epivir, Epzicom, or Trizivir); or

any other medicines that also contain efavirenz, emtricitabine, or tenofovir (such as Sustiva, Emtriva, Truvada, or Viread).

If you have certain conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely use this medication. Before you take Atripla, tell your doctor if you have:

a history of mental illness, use of antipsychotic medication, or injection drug use;

epilepsy or other seizure disorder;

osteopenia (low bone mineral density); or

hepatitis B or C infection.

FDA pregnancy category D. Do not use Atripla if you are pregnant. It could harm the unborn baby. Tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant during treatment. Use two forms of birth control, including an effective barrier form (such as a condom or diaphragm with spermicide gel or inserts) while taking this medication. Keep using birth control to prevent pregnancy for at least 12 weeks after you stop taking Atripla. It may take that long for the medication to completely clear from your body. HIV can be passed to the baby if the mother is not properly treated during pregnancy. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Take all of your HIV medicines as directed to control your infection while you are pregnant.

Your name may need to be listed on a pregnancy patient registry when you start using Atripla.

You should not breast-feed while you are using Atripla. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast-feed at all. Even if your baby is born without HIV, you may still pass the virus to the baby in your breast milk.

Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking this medication. You may be more likely to develop lactic acidosis if you are overweight or have liver disease, if you are a woman, or if you have taken certain HIV or AIDS medications for a long time. Talk with your doctor about your individual risk.

How should I take Atripla?

Take Atripla exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from Atripla.

Take this medication on an empty stomach at bedtime.

To be sure Atripla is helping your condition, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. Your liver function may also need to be tested. Do not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.

It is important to take this medicine regularly to get the most benefit. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely.

HIV/AIDS is usually treated with a combination of different drugs. To best treat your condition, use all of your medications as directed by your doctor. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without advice from your doctor. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.

Store Atripla at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and direct light. Keep the medicine in its original bottle with the cap tightly closed.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Overdose can cause uncontrolled muscle movements.

What should I avoid while taking Atripla?

Avoid drinking alcohol, which can increase some of the side effects of Atripla. This medication can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert. Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes. Taking Atripla will not prevent you from passing HIV to other people. Talk with your doctor about safe methods of preventing HIV transmission during sex. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.

Atripla side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to Atripla: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Atripla may cause lactic acidosis (a build-up of lactic acid in the body, which can be fatal). Lactic acidosis can start slowly and get worse over time. Get emergency medical help if you have even mild symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as: muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, fast or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired.

Call your doctor at once if you have any of these other serious side effects:

signs of liver damage – nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);

urinating less than usual or not at all;

fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms;

unusual thoughts or behavior, severe depression, extreme fear, thoughts of hurting yourself or others, hallucinations;

severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash; or

seizure (convulsions).

Less serious Atripla side effects may include:

dizziness, drowsiness, anxiety, depressed mood;

headache, tired feeling, ringing in your ears, vision problems;

sleep problems (insomnia), confusion, strange dreams, forgetfulness;

mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, upset stomach;

darkened skin on the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet;

joint pain, back pain;

numbness or tingly feeling;

runny or stuffy nose, cough; or

changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and waist).

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Atripla?

Before using Atripla, tell your doctor if you regularly use other medicines that make you sleepy (such as cold or allergy medicine, sedatives, narcotic pain medicine, sleeping pills, muscle relaxers, and medicine for seizures, depression, or anxiety). They can add to sleepiness caused by Atripla.

There are many other medicines that can cause interactions or serious medical problems if you take them together with Atripla. Tell your doctor if you use any of the following:

acyclovir (Zovirax), ganciclovir (Cytovene), valacyclovir (Valtrex), or valganciclovir (Valcyte);

sertraline (Zoloft);

methadone (Methadose);

adefovir (Hepsera) or cidofovir (Vistide);

a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin);

cholesterol medications such as atorvastatin (Lipitor), pravastatin (Pravachol), or simvastatin (Zocor);

antibiotics such as clarithromycin (Biaxin), itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), rifabutin (Mycobutin), rifampin (Rifater, Rifamate);

a calcium channel blocker such as amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Tiazac, Cartia, Cardizem), felodipine (Plendil), nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat), verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan), and others;

seizure medicines such as carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol), phenytoin (Dilantin), phenobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton); or

certain other HIV medicines such as atazanavir (Reyataz), didanosine (Videx), indinavir (Crixivan), saquinavir (Invirase), lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), or ritonavir (Norvir).

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with Atripla. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list with you of all the medicines you use and show this list to any doctor or other healthcare provider who treats you.

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Truvada

Posted by admin on November 2nd, 2009

Truvada

Generic Name: emtricitabine and tenofovir (em trye SYE ta been and ten OF oh vir)

What is Truvada?

Truvada contains a combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir. Emtricitabine and tenofovir are antiviral drugs that work by preventing HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) cells from multiplying in the body.

Truvada is used to treat HIV, which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This medicine is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.

Truvada may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Important information about Truvada

You should not take Truvada if you are allergic to emtricitabine (Emtriva) or tenofovir (Viread).

Do not take Truvada with other medicines that also contain emtricitabine or tenofovir (Atripla, Emtriva, Viread), or lamivudine (Combivir, Epivir, Epzicom, or Trizivir).

Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking Truvada. Early signs of lactic acidosis generally get worse over time and this condition can be fatal. Get emergency medical help if you have even mild symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as: muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, slow or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired.

Truvada can cause severe or fatal liver problems. Call your doctor at once if you have symptoms such as nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Before taking Truvada

You should not take Truvada if you are allergic to emtricitabine or tenofovir.

Do not take this medication with other medicines that also contain emtricitabine or tenofovir (Atripla, Emtriva, Viread), or lamivudine (Combivir, Epivir, Epzicom, or Trizivir).

If you have certain conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely use this medication. Before you take Truvada, tell your doctor if you have:

osteopenia (low bone mineral density); or

if you also have hepatitis B infection.

FDA pregnancy category B. Truvada is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. HIV can be passed to the baby if the mother is not properly treated during pregnancy. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Take all of your HIV medicines as directed to control your infection while you are pregnant.

Your name may need to be listed on an pregnancy registry if you become pregnant while using this medication. The purpose of this registry is to track the outcome of the pregnancy and delivery to evaluate whether Truvada had any effect on the baby.

You should not breast-feed while you are using Truvada. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast-feed at all. Even if your baby is born without HIV, you may still pass the virus to the baby in your breast milk.

Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking Truvada. You may be more likely to develop lactic acidosis if you are overweight or have liver disease, if you are a woman, or if you have taken certain HIV or AIDS medications for a long time. Talk with your doctor about your individual risk.

Do not give this medicine to anyone under 18 without the advice of a doctor.

How should I take Truvada?

Take Truvada exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

You may take this medication with or without food.

To be sure Truvada is helping your condition and not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. Your kidney and liver function or bone density may also need to be tested.

If you have hepatitis B you may develop liver symptoms after you stop taking Truvada, even months after stopping. Your doctor may want to check your liver function at regular visits for several months after you stop using the medicine. Do not miss any follow-up visits to your doctor.

It is important to take Truvada regularly to get the most benefit. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely.

HIV/AIDS is usually treated with a combination of different drugs. To best treat your condition, use all of your medications as directed by your doctor. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without advice from your doctor. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.

Store Truvada at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the tablets in their original container, along with the packet of moisture-absorbing preservative that comes with Truvada.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Symptoms of an Truvada overdose are not known.

What should I avoid while taking Truvada?

Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes. Taking Truvada will not prevent you from passing HIV to other people. Talk with your doctor about safe methods of preventing HIV transmission during sex. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.

Truvada side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Truvada may cause lactic acidosis (a build-up of lactic acid in the body, which can be fatal). Lactic acidosis can start slowly and get worse over time. Get emergency medical help if you have even mild symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as:

muscle pain or weakness;

numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs;

trouble breathing;

feeling dizzy, light-headed, tired, or very weak;

stomach pain, nausea with vomiting; or

slow or uneven heart rate.

signs of liver damage – nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);

increased thirst and urination, loss of appetite, weakness, constipation;

urinating less than usual or not at all; or

signs of infection such as fever, chills, skin lesions, or cough with yellow or green mucus.

Less serious Truvada side effects may include:

dizziness, anxiety, depressed mood;

headache, tired feeling;

sleep problems (insomnia), strange dreams;

mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, upset stomach;

mild itching or skin rash;

darkened skin on the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet;

joint pain, back pain;

numbness or tingly feeling;

runny or stuffy nose, cough; or

changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and waist).

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Truvada?

Truvada can be harmful to the kidneys, and this effect is increased when Truvada is used together with other medicines that can harm the kidneys. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have recently used:

lithium (Lithobid);

methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall);

pain or arthritis medicines such as aspirin (Anacin, Excedrin), acetaminophen (Tylenol), diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren), etodolac (Lodine), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), indomethacin (Indocin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), and others;

medicines used to prevent organ transplant rejection, such as cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), sirolimus (Rapamune) or tacrolimus (Prograf);

IV antibiotics such as amphotericin B (Fungizone, AmBisome, Amphotec, Abelcet), amikacin (Amikin), bacitracin (Baci-IM), capreomycin (Capastat), gentamicin (Garamycin), kanamycin (Kantrex), streptomycin, or vancomycin (Vancocin, Vancoled);

antiviral medicines such as adefovir (Hepsera), cidofovir (Vistide), or foscarnet (Foscavir); or

cancer medicine such as aldesleukin (Proleukin), carmustine (BiCNU, Gliadel), cisplatin (Platinol), ifosfamide (Ifex), oxaliplatin (Eloxatin), plicamycin (Mithracin), streptozocin (Zanosar), or tretinoin (Vesanoid).

You may need dose adjustments or special tests when taking any of these medications together with Truvada.

Other medications that can affect Truvada include:

the herpes medications acyclovir (Zovirax) or valacyclovir (Valtrex);

medications to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) such as cidofovir (Vistide), ganciclovir (Cytovene) or valganciclovir (Valcyte); or

certain other HIV medicines such as atazanavir (Reyataz), didanosine (Videx), indinavir (Crixivan), saquinavir (Invirase), lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), or ritonavir (Norvir).

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with Truvada. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

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